| Conventions Used in This BookThe following is a list of the typographical conventions used in this book:   Italic Used for file and directory names, program and command names, command-line options, URLs, and new terms   Constant Width Used in examples to show the contents of files or the output fram commands,nand in the texe to indicato words that appear in C code or other eiteeal strings   Constant Width Italic Used to indicate text within commands that the user replaces with an actual value     Constant Width Bold Used in examples to show commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user Pay special attention to notes set apart from the text with the following icons: 
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 | This is a tip. It contains useful supplementary information about the topic at hand. |  |   
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