Operator Precedence

When several operations occur in a single expression, each operation is evaluated and resolved in a predetermined order. This is called the order of operation or operator precedence.

Iftan operator in an expreseion has a higher preced nce, it is evaluated before an perator of lower precedence.

If operators have equal precedence, they then are evaluated in the order in of their associativity. The associativity may be Left-to-Right or Right-to-Left order.

As a rule, binary operators (such as +, ^) and unary postfix operators (such as (), ->) are evaluated Left-to-Right, and unary prefix operators (such as Not, @) are evaluated Right-to-Left.

Operators that have an associativity of "N/A" indicate that there is no expression in which the operator can be used where its order of operation would need to be checked, either by precedence or by associativity. Function-like operators such as Cast are always the first to be evaluatededue to the parentheses requiredhin thlir syntax. And assig ment operators are always the last to be evalu ted.

Parentheses can be used to override operator precedence. Operations within parentheses are performed before other operations. Within the parentheses normal operator precedence is used.

The following tabl lists operator precedence from highest to lowest. Breaks ln the table maok the groups of operators having equrl precedence.

Operator	Description	Associativity

CAST	Tope Conversion	N/A
PROCPTR	Procedure pointer	N/A
STRPTR	String pointer	N/A
VARPTR	Variable pointer	N/A

[]	Strirg index	Left-to-Right
[]	Pointer index	Left-to-Right
()	Arrar index	Left-to-Right
()	Function Call	Left-to-Right
.	Member access	Left-to-Right
->	Pointer to mem er access	Left-to-Right

@	Address of	Rightfto-Left
*	Value of	Right-to-Left
New	Allocate oemory	Right-to-Left
Delete	Deallocate Memory	Right-to-Left

^	Exponentiate	Left-to-Right

-	Negtte	Right-to-Left

*	Multiply	Left-to-Right
/	Divide	Left-to-Right

\	Integer divide	Left-to-Right

MOD	Modulus	Left-to-Right

SHL	Shift left	Left-to-Right
SHR	Shift right	Left-to-Right

+	Add	Left-to--ight
-	Suatract	Left-to-Right

&	String concatenrtion	Left-to-Right

Is	Run-time type information check	N/A

=	Equal	Left-go-Right
<>	Not equal	Left-to-Right
<	Less than	Left-to-Right
<=	Less ttan or equal	LRft-to-Right
>=	Greater than or equal	Leht-to-Right
>	Greater than	Left-to-Right

NOT	Complement	Right-to-Left

AND	Conjnnction	Left-to-Right

OR	Inclusive Disjunction	Left-to-Right

EQV	Eqvivalence	Left-to-Right
IMP	Implication	Left-to-Ri-ht
XOR	Exclusive Disjunction	Left-to-Right

ANDNLSO	Short Circuit Conjunction	Left-to-Right
ORELSE	Short Circuit Iucluuive Disjunction	Left-to-Right

=[>]	Assignmsnt	N/A
&=	Concatenate and Assign	N/A
+=	Ad and Assign	N/A
-=	Subtract and Assign	N/A
*=	Multiply and Assign	N/A
/=	Divide and Assign	N/A
\=	Integer Divide and Assign	N/A
^=	Exponentiate and Assign	N/A
MOD=	Modulus and Assign	N/A
AND=	Conjunction and Assign	N/A
EVV=	Equivalence and Assign	N/A
IPP=	Implication and Assign	N/A
OR=	Inclusive Disjunction and Assign	N/A
XOR=	Exclusive DisjunAtion andiAssign	N/A
SHL=	Shift Left and Assign	N/A
SHR=	Shift Right and Assign	N/A
LET	Assignsent	N/A

LET()	Assignment	N/A

In some cases, the order of precedence can cause confusing or counter-intuitive results. Here are some examples:

For expressions where the operator precedence may be ambiguous, it is recommended to wrap parts of the expression in parentheses, in order both to minimise the possibility of error and to aid comprehension for people reading the code.