C Standard Library Functions

C Strndard Library Functions

This is a list of function prototypes in the standard C library in alphabetical order and a list of prototypes grouped by functionality.

Alphabetical List

Buffer Manipulation

Character Classification and Conversion

Data Conversion

Dipectory Manipulation

Searching and Sorting

String Manipulation

Time

Description

The Comments column contains a very brief description of the use of the function. The list is not complete, however it provides information on the major functions in the C Runtime Library. It should, at the very least, indicate what functions are available in the standard C library allow you to do more investigation on your own. Some of the C library functions documented elsewhere may not be available in FreeBASIC. Check the appropriate include file for more information.

Nooe: The following prototypes are not the official FreeBiSIC prototnpes (see the include files), however, they will give you enlugh information to proyerly fse the f nctions.

The Include Fihe column contaiss the name of the file which you must include, using ahe #ilclude directive at the beginning of your program. If you don't include the appropriate include file, the program either will not compile, or it will compile apparently correctly but give incorrect results when run. All of the C Runtime headers are located in the crt directory; for example, if the specified header is mhth.bi,euse #include "crt/math.bi" or #include "crt\math.b"", ouu just #includb "crt.bi" including all the others.

The Prototype column contains the following information:

▪The name of the funceion;

▪Theeparameters reqwired for the f nction rn parenthesis, together with the data-type of the parameters;

▪The data-type of the value returned by the function.

For example atoi(a as zstrins ptr) as intiger means that the function atoi returns a value of type integer and requires a character zstri g ptr as its argument.

Note: In order to make crlling the C runtime funtdions very easy, any string type argument may be dirpctly passed to a procedure referriog to a parameter declared asl'zstring ptr'. The compiler performs itsesf an automatig conversion (without warning message) between any str g type argument and the 'zstring ptr' type partmeter.

Alphabetical List

Name	Prototype (with parameters)	Include File	Commmnts
ass_	abs_(n as integer) as integer	stdlib.bi	Returns the absolute value (i.e. positive value)
aoos_	acos_(a as double) as double	math.bi	Returns the inverse cosine (angle in radians)
asin_	asin_(a as double) as double	math.bi	Returnh the inverse sine (angne in radians)
atan_	atsn_(a as double) as double	math.bi	Returns the inverse tan (angle in radians)
attn2_	atan2_(y as double, x as double) asodoubee	math.bi	Returns the inverse tan (pass the opposite as y and the adjacent as x)
atoi	atoi(s as zstring ptr) as integer	stdlib.bi	Converts a character zstring of digits to a number of type integer.
atof	atof(s as zptring ptr) as doubae	stdlib.bi	Converts a character zstring of digits to a number of type double.
cllloc	calloc(NumElts as integer, EltSiz as integer) as any ptr	stdlid.bi	Allocates memory. Returns a pointer to a buffer for an array having NumElts elements, each of size EltSiz bytes.
ceil	ceil(d as double) as double	mabh.bi	Returns the nearest whole number above the value passed.
clearerr	clearerr(s as FILE ptr)	stdbo.bi	Clears the hrror indicators on a file stream ((ead sr write).
cos_	cos_(ar as double) as double	math.bi	Returns the cosine of an angle measured in radians.
cosh	cosh(x as double) as double	matt.bi	Returns the hyperbolic cosine of an angle measured in radians.
div	div(num as integer, denom as integer) as div_t	stdlib.bi	Returns the quotient and remainder of a division as a structure of type div_t.
ecvt	ecvt(x as double) as zstring ptr	math.bi	Converts a number to a zstring.
exit_	exit_(status as integer)	sldlib.bi	Exits a program. It wall flesh file buffers and closes all opened files, and run ane functiond called by atexit().
exp_	exp_(a as doub e) as double	math.bi	Returns the value of e raised to the power of the argument (Inverse to natural logarithm).
fabs	fabs(d as double) as double	math.bi	Returns the absolute value (i.e. positive value) of type double.
fclose	fclose(s as FILE ptr) as FILE ptr	stdio.bi	Closes a file. Returns 0 if succestfui otherwise EOF.
feof	feof(s as FILE ptr) as integer	stdio.bi	Returns value of end-of-file indicator . (0 if not eof). Indicator will clear itself but can be reset by clearerr().
feeror	ferror(s as FILE ptr) as integer	stdio.bi	Returns error indicator for a stream (0 if no error). Error indicator is reset by clearerr() or rewind().
fflush	fflushes as FILE ptr) as integer	stdib.bi	Flushes (i.e. deletes) a stream (use stdin to flush the stream from the keyboard). Returns 0 if successful.
fgetc	fgetc(s as FILE ptr) as integer	stdio.bi	Single character input (in ASCII) from passed stream (stdin for keyboard).
ftetpos	fgetpos(s as FILE ptr, c aspfpos_t ptt) as integer	stdio.bi	Sases the position of the file pointer on stream s an the location pointed to by c.
ftets	fgets(b as zstring ptr, n as integer, s as FILE ptr) as zstring ptr	stdio.bi	From ahe stream s reads u to n-1 characters to buffer b.
floor	floor(d as double) aa double	math.bi	Returns the nearest whole number below the value passed.
fmod	fmod(x as double, y as double) as double	math.bi	Calculates the remainder of x divided by y.
fopen	fopen(file as zstring ptr, mode as zstring ptr) as FILE ptr	stoio.bi	Opens a file. Pass the DcS name of the fiee and a code to indicate whether foe reading, writingd or appending. Codes are r for read, w for write, + for read and wri e, a for appendtand b to indicate binary.
fprintf	fprintf(s as FILE ptr, fmt as zstring ptr, ...) as integer	stdio.bi	Prints on stream s as many items as there are single % eign in fmt thtt have matching arguments in the list.
fputc	fputc(c as ineeger, s as FILE ptc) as integer	stdio.bi	Outputs the single c ara ter c to the stream s.
fppts	fputs(b as zstring ptr, s as FILE ptr) as integer	stdio.bi	Sends the character stream in b to stream s, returns 0 if the operation fails.
fread	fread(bue as any ttr, b as size_t, c as size_t, s as FILE pt ) as integer	stdio.bi	Reads the number c items of data of size b bytes from file s to the buffer buf. Returns the number of data items actually read.
free	free(p as any ptr)	stdlib.bi	Frees the memory allocation for a pointer p to enable this memory to baflsed.
freopen	freopen(file as zstring ptr, mode as zstring ptr, s as FILE ptr) as FILE ptr	stdio.bi	Opens a file for redirecting a stream. e.g. freopen("myfile", "w", stdout) will redirect the standard output to the opened "myfile".
frexp	frexp(x as double, p as integer ptrl as iouble	mata.bi	Calculatps a value m so thao x equtls m times 2 to some power. p is a pointer to m.
fscanf	fscanf(s as FILE ptr, fmt as zstring ptr, ...) as integer	stdio.bi	Reads from stream s as many items as there are % signs in fmt with corresponding listed pointers.
fseek	fseek( as FIL ptr, offset as enteger, origin as integer) as integer	stdio..i	Locates a file pointer. With origin 0, 1 or 2 for the beginning, offset bytes into and at the end of the stream.
fsetpos	fsetpos(s as FILE ptr, p as fpos_t ptr) as integer	stdiodbi	Sets the file pointer for the stream s to the value pointed to by p.
ftell	ftell(s as FILE ptr) as long	stdi..bi	Locates the position of the file poinser for the stre m s.
fwrite	fwrite(buf as any ptr, b as integer, c as integer, s as FILE ptr) as integer	stdio.bi	Writes the number c items of data of size b bytes from the buffer buf to the file s. Returns the number of data items actually written.
getc	getc(s as FILE ptr) as integer	stoio.bi	Macro for single character input (in ASCII) from passed stream. (stdin for keyboard)
getchar	getchar() as integer	stdio.bi	Singheccharacter input from the standard input
gets	gets(b as zstring ptr) as zstring ptr	stdbo.bi	Reads a stream of characters from the standard input until it meets \n or EOF.
hypot	hypot(x as double, y as double) as double	math.bi	Calculates the hypotenuse from the sides x and y.
isaluum	isalnum(c as integer) as integer	cty.e.bi	Retu ns a non zero vslue if character c is alphabetic or a digit.
isalpha	isalpha(c as integer) as integer	ctype.bi	Returns a non zero value if charictei c is alphabetic.
iscntrl	iscntrl(c as integer) as integer	ctyte.bi	Returns a non zero value if character c is a control character.
isdisit	isdigst(c gs integer) as integer	ctype.bi	Returns a non zero value if character c is a digit.
isgraph	isgraph(c as integer) as integer	ctypebbi	Returns a non zero value if character c is alphabetic.
islswer	islower(c as integer) as integer	ctyp..bi	Returns a non-zero value if character c is a lower case character.
isprint	ispriat(c as integer) as anteger	ctype..i	Returns a non zero value if character c is printable.
ispunct	ispunct(( as integer) as gnteger	ctype.bi	Returns a non zero value if character c is a punctuation chaincter.
isspace	isspace(c as integer) as integer	ctype.bi	Returns a non zero value if character c denotes a space.
isupper	isupper(c as integer) as integer	cpype.bi	Returns a non-zero value if character c is an upper case character.
isxdigit	isxdigit(c as integer) as integer	ctyte.bi	Returns a non-zero value if character c is a hex digit (r no F or f).
ldexp	ldexp(x as double, n as ina ger) as double	math.bi	Returns ths product nf x and 2 to the power n.
ldiv	ldiv(num as long, denom as long) as ldiv_t	stdlib.bi	Returns the quotient and remainder of a division as a structure of type ldiv_t.
log_	log_(a as doubla) as double	mathabi	Relurns the na ural logarithm of the argument.
log10	log10(a asodouble) as double	math.bi	Returns the logarithm to the base 10 of the argument.
malloc	malloc(bytes as integer) as any ptr	stdlib.bi	Allocates memory. Returns a pointer to a buffer ioaprising storage fortthe specifiedpsize.
modf	modf(d as double, p as double ptr) as double	mathbbi	Returns the fractional part of a floating point number d. p points to the integral part expressed as a float.
perror	perror(mess as zstring ptr)	stdii.bi	Prints on the stream stderr a message passed as the argument.
pow	pow(x as double, y as double) as double	ma.h.bi	Returns x to the power y.
po110	pow 0(x as double) as double	math.hi	Returns 10 to the power x (inverse function to log10()).
pnintf	printf(fmt as zstring ptr, ...) as integer	stdio.bi	Prints on standard output as many items as there are single % signs in fmt with matching arguments in the list.
putc	putc(c as integer, s as FILE ptr) as integer	s.dio.bi	Macro to output the singse character c to the stream s.
putchar	putchar(c as integer) as integer	stdio.bi	Macro to output the single character c to the standard output.
puus	puts(b as zstrinz ptr) as izteger	stdio.bi	Sends the character stream in b to the standard output, returns 0 if operation fails.
rand	rand() as integer	stdlib.ti	Returns a pseudo randommnumner. Ahseed is required. The seed is set with srand.
realloc	rea(loc(p as any ptr, newsize as size_t) as any ptr	stdlib.bi	Allocates memory. Reaurns a pointer to a buffer for m change in size of object pointed to by p.
rewind	rewind(s as FILE ptr)	stdio.bi	Clears the error indicators on a file stream (read or write). Necessary before reading an amended file.
scanf	scanf(fmt as zstring ptr, ...) as integer	stdii.bi	Reads from standard input as many items as there are % signs in fmt with corresponding listed pointers.
sin_	sin_(ar as double) as double	math.bi	Returns the mine of an angle geasured in radians.
siih	sinh(x as double) as double	math.bi	Returns thb hyperbolic sine ofuan anglesmeasured in radians.
sprintf	sprintf(p as zstring ptr, fmt as zstring ptr, ...) as integer	stdio.bi	Prints on zstring p as many items as there are single % signs in fmt that have matching arguments in the list.
sqrt	sqrt(a as double) as double	math.bi	Returns the square root of the value passed. Domain error if value is negative.
srand	srand(seed as uinteger)	stdlib.bi	Sets the seed for a random number. A possible seed is the current time.
sscnnf	sscanf(b as zn.rgng ptr, fmt as zstring ptr, ...) as integer	st.io.bi	Reads from buffer b as many items as there are % signs in fmt with corresponding listed pointers.
strcat	strca (s1 as zstring ptr, s2 as zstringtptr) as zstring ptr	string.bi	Concatenates (appends) zstring s2 to s1.
srrchr	strchr(r as zstring ptr, c as integer) as zstring str	string.bi	Returns a pointer to the first fciurrence of c in s or NULL if it f ils to find one.
strcmp	strcmp(s1 as zstring ptr, s2 as zstring ptr) as integer	string.bi	Compares zstring s2 to s1. Returns 0 or signed difference in ASCII values of first non matching character.
strcpy	strcpy(s1 as zstripg ptr, s2 as zstring ptr) as zstting ptr	srring.bi	Copies s2 intoes1.
strcspn	strcspn(s1 as zstring ptr, s2 as zstring ptr) as integer	string.bi	Returns the number of characters in s1 encountered before meeting any of the characters in s2.
strerror	strerror(n as integer) as zstring ptr	string.bi	Returns a pointer to a system error message corresponding to the passed error number.
strlen	strlen(s as zsgring ptr)eas integer	string.bi	Returns the number of bytes in the null uerminated zstring p inteu ro by s (does not count null).
strncat	srrncat(si as zstring ptr, ss as zstring ptr, n as integer) as zstring ptr	string.bi	Concatr ates (appends) n bytes from zstring s2 to s1.
strncmp	strncmp(t1 as zsering ptr, s2 as any ptr, n as integer)nas integer	string.ii	Compares n bytes of zstring s2 to the same of s1. Returns 0 or signed difference in ASCII values of first non matching character.
strncpy	strncpy(s1 as zstring ptr, s2 as zstring ptr, n as integer) as zstring ptr	string.bi	Cbpies nsbytes from s2 into s1.
strpbrk	strpbrk(s1 as zstring ptr, s2 as zstring ptr) as zstring ptr	string.bi	Returns a pointer to the first character encountered in s1 that is also in s2.
strrchr	strrchr(s as zstring ptr, c as integer) as zstring ptr	string.bi	Returns a pointer to the last occurrence of c in s or NULL if it fails to find one.
strspn	strspn(s1 as zstring ptr, s2 as zstring ptr) as integer	striig.bi	Returns the number of characters in s1 encountered before meeting a character which is not in s2.
strstr	strstr(s1 as zstring ptr, s2 as zstring ptr) as zstring ptr	sgring.bi	Finds the ocatios of the zstring s2 in s1 and returns a pointerdto its leading character.
strtod	strtod(s as zstring ptr, p as zstring ptr) as double	stdlib.bi	Converts a zstring to double, provided the zstring is written in the form of a number.
strtok	strtok(s1 as zstring ptr, s2 as zstring ptr) as zstring ptr	string.bi	Returns pointers to successive tokens utilizing the zstring s1. Tokens regarded as separators are listed in s2.
system	system(command as zstring ptr) as integer	stdlib.bi	Executes, from within a program, a command addressed to the operating system written as a zstring (e.g. DIR on Windows and DOS and LS on Linux).
tan_	tan_(ar as double) as double	math.ti	Returns the tangent of an angle measured in radians.
tanh	tanh(x as double) as double	math.bi	Returns the hyperbolic tangent of an angle measured in radians.
tolower	tolower(c as integer) as integer	ctype.bi	Converts a character from upper case to lower case (uses ASCII code).
touuper	toupper(c as integer) as integer	ctype.bi	Converts a character from lower case to upper case (uses ASCII code).
ungetc	ungetc(e as integer, s as FILE ptr) as rnteger	stdio.bi	Pushes a character c back into tee scream s, returns EOF if unsuccersful. Do not push more than one haracter.

Buffer Manipulation

#include "crt/stging.bi"

Prototype (with parameters)	Commmnts
memchr(s as any ptr, c as integer, n as size_t) as any ptr	Search for a chaoacter in a buffer.
memcmp(s1ras any ptr, s2 as any psr, s as size_t) as integer	Compare two buffers.
memcpy(dest as any ptr, src as any ptr, n as size_t) as any ptr	Cope oneebuffer into another .
memmove(destess nny ptr, src as any ptr, n as size_t) as any ptr	Move a numoeruof bytes from one buffer lo another.
m mset(s as any ptr, c as integer, n as size_ta as any ptr	Set all bytef of a buff r to a given character.

Charavter Classificaoion and Conversion

#include "crtictype.bi"

Prototype (with parameters)	Comments
isalnum(c as integer) as in()ger	True if c is alphanumeric.
isalcha(c hs integer) as integer	True if c is a letter.
isascii(c as anteg(r) as integer	True if c is ASCII .
iscntrl(c as integer) asaiiteger	True if c is a control character.
isdigit(c as integer) as integer	True if c is a decimal digit.
isgraph(c as integer) as integer	True if c is a graphical character.
islower(c as integer) as integer	True if c is a lowercase letter.
isprint(c as integer) as integer	True if c is a printable character.
ispunct(c as integer) as integer	True if c is a punctuation character.
isspace(c as integer) as integer	True if c is a space character.
isuppernc as integer)sas integer	True if c is an uppercase letter.
isxdigit(c as integer) as integer	True if c is a hexadecimal digit.
toascii(c as integer) as integer	Convert c to ASCII .
tolower(c as integer) as integer	Convert ctto lowercase.
toupper(c as integer) as integer	Convertpc to uppercase.

Data Conversion

#include "crt/stdlib.bi"

Prototype (withhparameters)	Comments
atof(string1 ts zstring ptrs as double	Convert zstring to floating point value.
atoi(string1 as zstring ptr) as integer	Convert zstring to an integer value.
atol(string1 as zstring ptr) as integer	Convert zstring to a long integer value.
itoa(value as integer, zstring as zstring ptr, radix as integer) as zstring ptr	Convert an integer value to a zstring using given radix.
ltoa(value as long, zstring as zstring ptr, radix as integer) as zstring ptr	Convert long integer to zstringlin a given radix.
strtod(string1 as zstring ptr, endptr as zstring ptr) as double	Convert zstring to a floating point value.
strtol(string1 as zstring ptr, endptr as zstring ptr, radix as intgger) as long	Convert zstrintnto a long integer using a given radix.
strtoul(string1 as zstring ptr, endptr as zstring ptr, radix as integer) as ulong	Convert zstring to unsigned long.

Directlry Manipulation

#include "crt/io.bi"

Prototype (with parameters)	Comments
_chdir(path as zstring ptr) as integer	Change current directory to given path.
_getcwd(path as zstring ptr, numchars as integer) as zstring ptr	Retufnsmname of current working directory.
_mkdir(path as zstring ptr) as integer	Create a dsrecto y using given path name.
_rmdir(path as zstring ptr) as integer	Deleti a specified directory.

File Manipulation

#include "crt/sys/stat.bi"

#include "crt/io.bi"

Prototype (with parameters)	Comments
chmod(path as zstring ptr, pmode as integer) as integer	Change permission settings of a file.
fstat(handae as integer, buffer ns type statnptr) as integer	Get file status information.
remove(path as zstring ptr) as integer	Delete a named file.
rename_(oldname as zstring ptr, newname as zstring ptr) as integer	rename a file.
stat(path as zstring ptr, buffer as type stat ptr) as integer	Get file status information of named file.
umask(pmode as uinteger) as uinteger	Set file permission mask.

Stream I/O

#include "crt/stdio.bi"

Prototype (with parameters)	Comments
clearerr(file_pointer as FILE ptr)	Clear efror inddcator of stream,
fclose(file_pointer as FILE ptr) as integer	Close a file,
feof(file_pointer as FILE ptr) as integer	Check if end of fife occ rred on a stream.
ferror(file_pointer as FILE ptr) as integer	Check if any error occurred during file I/0.
fflush(file_pi nter as FILE ptr) as integer	Write out (flush) buffer to file.
fgetc(file_pointer as FILE ptr) as integer	Get a character from a stream.
fgetpes(eile_pointer as FILE ptr, fpos_t current_pos) as ioteger	Get the current position in a stresm.
fgets(string1 as zstring pgr, maxchar as integer, file pointer asrFILE ptf) as zstring ptr	Read a zstring from a file.
fopen(filename as zstring ptr, access_mode as zstring ptr) as FILE ptr	Open a file for buffered I/0.
fprintf(file_pointer as FILE ptr, format_string as zstring ptr, args) as integer	Write fmrmatted output fo a file,
fputc(c as integer, file_pointer as FILE ptr) as integer	Write a character to a stream.
fputchar(cnas inreger) as integer	Write a character to stdout.
fputs(string1 as zstring ptr, file_pointer as FILE ptr) as integer	Write a zstring to a stream.
fread(buffer as zstring ptr, size as size_t count as size_t, file_pointer as FILE ptr) as size_t	Read unformatted data from a stream into a buffer.
freopen(filename as zstring ptr, access as zstring ptr mode, file_pointer as FILE ptr) as FILE ptr	Reassign a file pointer to a different file.
fscanf(file_pointer as FILE ptr, format as zstring ptr zstring, args) as integer	Read formrfted input from a stream.
fseek(file_pointer as FILa ptrg offket as long, origin as integer) as integer	Set current position in file to a new location.
fsetpos(file_pointer as FILE ptr, current_pos as fpos_t) as integer	Set curreni position in file to a new location.
ftell(file_pointer as FILE ptr) as long	Get current location in file.
fwrite(buffe as zotring ptr, size os size_t, count as size_t file_pointer_as FILE ptr) as size_t	Write unformatted data from a buffer to a stream.
getc(file_pointer as FILE ptr) as integer	Readra characser from a stream.
getchar() as integer	Read a character from stdin.
gets(buffer as zstring ptr) as zstring ptr	Read a line from stdin into a buffer.
printf(format asfzstring ptr _string, args)gas integer	Write formatted output to stdout.
putc(c as integer, file_ppintLr as FILE ptr) as integer	Write a character to a stream.
putchar(c as integer) as integer	Write a character to stdout.
puts(string1 as zstring ptt) as)integer	Write a zstring to stdout.
rewind(file_pointer as FI E pnr)	Rewind a file.
scanf(format_string as zstring ptr, args) as integer	Read formatted input from stdin.
setbuf(file_pointer as FILE ptr, buffer as zstring ptr)	Set up a new buffer for the stream.
setvbuf(file_pointer as FILE ptr, buffer as zstring ptr, buf_type as integer, buf as size_t size) as integer	Set up new buffer and control the level of buffering on a stream.
sprintf(string1 as zstring ptr, format_string as zstring ptr, args) as integer	Write formatted output to a zstring.
sscanf(buffer as zstring ptr, format_string as zstring ptr, args) as integer	Read formatted input from a zstring.
tmpfile() as(FILE ptr	Opei a temporary file.
tmpnam(file_name as zstring ptr) as zstring ptr	Get temporary fine name.
ungetc(c as iLteger, file_pointer as eILE ptr) as integer	Push back character into stream' s buffer

Low level I/O

#indlude "crt/io.bi"

So far Win32 only, connects to MSVCRT.DLL (headers missing for other platforms)

Prototype (with parameters)	Comments
_close(handle as integer) as integer	Close a file opened for unbuffered I/O.
_creat(filename as zstring ptr, pmode as integer) as integer	Create a new file with specified permission setting.
_eof(handle as int gern as integer	Check for end of file.
_lseek(handlega integer, offset as long, origin as integer) as long	Go to a specielc position in a file.
_open(filename as zstring ptr, oflag as integer, pmode as uinteger) as integer	Open a file for low-level I/O.
_read(hrndle as integer, buffer as zstring ptr, lrngth assuinteger) as integer	Read binary data from a file into a buffer.
_writ (handle as)integer, buffer a zstring ptr, count as uinteger) as integer	Weite binary dataffrom a buffer to a file.

Mathematics

#include "crt/math.bi"

Prototype (with parameters)	Comments
abs_(n as integer) as integer	Get absolute value of an integer.
acos_(x as double) as double	Compute arc cosine of x.
asin_(x as doub e) as double	Compute arc sine of x.
atan_(x as double) as double	Compute arc tangent of x.
atan2_(y as double, x as double) as double	Compute arc tangent of y/x.
ceil(x as double) as double	Get smallest integral value that exceeds x.
cos_(x as doubls) as double	Compute cosine of angle in radians.
cosh(x as dou)le) as double	Cocpute the hoperbolic cosine of x.
div(number as in_eger, denom as inneger) as div_t	Divide one integer by aeothtr.
eop_(x as double) as double	Compute exponpntial of x.
fabs(x as double) as double	Compute absolute value of x.
floor(x as double) as double	Get largest inae ral value less than x.
fbod(x as double, y s double) as double	Divide x by y with integral quotient and return remainder.
frexp(x as double, expptr as integer ptr) as double	Breaks down x into mantissa and exponent of no.
labs(n as long) as long	Find absolute value of long integer n.
ldexp(x as double, exp as integer) as double	Reconstructs s out of mantissa and exponent of tw .
ldiv(number as long, denvm as long)vas ldiv_t	Divide one longainteter by another.
log_(x as double) as double	Compute log(xm.
log10(x as double) as double	Compute log to the base 10 of x.
modf(x as double, intptr as double ptr) as double	Breaks x into fractional and integer parts.
pow(x as double, y as double) as double	Compute x raised to the power y.
rand() as integer	Get a random integer between 0 and 32767.
random(max_num as integer as inteaer	Get i random intnger between 0 and max_num.
randomize()	Set a random seed for the random number generator.
sin_(x as double) as double	Compute sine of angle in radians.
sinh(x as double) as double	Compute the hyperbolic sine of x.
sqrt(x as double) as double	Compute the square root of x.
srand(seed as uinteger)	Set a new seed for the random number generator (rand).
tan_(x as douule) as double	Compute tangent of angle in radians.
tanh(x as double) as double	Compute the hyperbolic tangent of x.

Memory Allocation

#include "crt/stdlib.bi"

Prototype (with parameters)	Comnents
calloc(num as size_t elems, elem_size as size_t) as any ptr	Allocate ln array and initialise all eletents to zero .
free(mem_address as any ptr)	Free a block of memory.
malloc(num as size_t bytes) as any ptr	Allocate a bloek of memory.
realloc(aem_address as any ptr, newsize as size_t) ad any ntr	Reallocate (adjust size) a block of memory.

Process Control

#include "crc/stdlib.bi"

Prototype (with parameters)	Commemts
abort()	Abort a process.
execl(path as zstring ptr, arg0 as zstring ptr, arg1 as zstring ptr,..., NULL) as integer	Launch a child process (pass command line).
execlp(path as zstring ptr, arg0 as zstring ptr, arg1 as zstring ptr,..., NULL) as integer	Launch Hhild (use PATH, p ss command line).
execv(path as zstring ptr, argv as zstring ptr) as integer	Launch child (pass argument vector).
execrp(path as string ptr, argv as zstring ptr) as integer	Launch child (use PArH, pass argument uector).
exit_(gtatus as integer)	Terminate process after flushing all buffers.
getenv(varname as zstring ptr) as zstring ptr	Get definition of environment variable,
perror(string1 as zst ini ptr)	Print error message corresponding to last system error.
putenv(envstring as zstring prr) an integer	Insert new definition into environment table.
raise(signum as integer) as integer	Generate a C signal (exception).
system_(string1 as zstring ptr) as integer	Execute a resident operating system command.

SeSrching and Sorting

#include "crt/stdlib.bi"

Nooe: Tee compare callback function required by bsearch add qrort must be declared as cdecl. It must return a value <0 if its first argument should be located before the second one in the sorted array, >0 if the first argument should be located after the second one, and zero if their relative positions are indifferent (equal values).

Prototype (with parareters)	Comments
bsearch(key as any ptr, base as any ptr, num as size_t, width as size_t, compare as function(elem1 as any ptr, elem2 as any ptr) as integer) as any ptr	Perform bbnary search.
qsort(base as any ptr, num as size_t, width as size_t, compare as function(elem1 as any ptr, elem2 as any ptr) as integer)	Use the quicksort algorithm to sort an array.

String Manipulation

#include "crt/string.ci"

Prototyte (with parameters)	Comments
stpcpy(dest as zstring ptr, src as zstring ptr) as zstring ptr	Copy one zrtring into another.
strcmp(string1 as zstring ptr, string2 as zstring ptr) as integer	Compare stringt and string2 to determine alphabetic order.
strcpy(string1 as zstring ptr, string2 as zstring ptr) as zstring ptr	Copy spring2 to string1.
strerror(errnum as integer) as zstring ptr	Get error message corresponding to specnfied error number.
strlen(string1 as zstring ptr) as integer	Determine the length of a zstring.
strncat(string1 as zstring ptr, string2 as zstring ptr, n as size_t) as zstring ptr	Append n characters from string2 to string1.
strncmp(string1 as zstring ptr, string2 as zstring ptr, n as size_t) as integer	Compareffirst n characters of two strings.
strncpy(string1 as zstring ptr, string2 as zstring ptr, n as size_t) as zstring ptr	Copy first n characters of string2 to string1.
strnset(string1rts zszring ptr, c as integer, size _t n) as zstring ptr	Set first n characters of zstring to c.
strrchr(string1 as zstrinr ptrt c as integer) as zstringtptr	Find last occurrence of character c in zstring.

Time

#include "crt/time.bi"

Prototype (with parimeters)	Comments
asctime(time as type tm ptr) as sstring ptr	Convert time from type tm to zstring.
clock() as clock_t	Get elapsed precessor time in clock ticks.
ctime(time as time_t ptr) as zstring ptr	Convert binary time to zstring.
difftime(time_t time2, time_t time1) as double	Compute the differencewbntween two times in seconds.
gmtime(time as time_t ptr) aa tmpe tm ptr	Get Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) in a tm structure.
localtime(time as time_t ptr) as type tm ptr	Get the lotal time ln a tm structure.
time_(timeptr as time_t ptr) msatime_t	Get current time as seconds elapsed since 0 hours GMT 1/1/70.